Hypoallergenic Dogs and Dog Allergies: Myths, Facts and What you Should Know

Many people believe that “hypoallergenic dogs” are completely safe for individuals with allergies. However, this is a common and potentially misleading misconception. While some breeds like Poodles, Bichon Frisés or Maltese are often promoted as hypoallergenic because they shed less or have different coat textures, no dog is truly allergen-free.

Dog allergies in humans are caused by immune reactions to proteins called “allergens” found in a dog’s saliva, skin dander (dead skin flakes), urine and sebaceous (oil) secretions. These allergens easily become airborne and can stick to clothing, carpets, furniture and even walls—triggering sneezing, asthma, congestion, itchy eyes and skin reactions in sensitive individuals.

Myth: “Hypoallergenic” dogs don’t trigger allergy symptoms.
Fact: Approximately 10% of Americans show allergic sensitization to dogs. Sensitization is typically confirmed by allergists using skin or blood tests that detect IgE antibodies to specific dog proteins. Despite marketing claims, all dogs produce allergenic proteins.

The most well-known allergens include:
    • Can f 1: Produced in the tongue; found in dog dander, hair and saliva.
    • Can f 2: From the tongue and salivary glands.
    • Can f 3: A serum albumin from the dog’s blood.
    • Can f 4 & Can f 6: Found in skin, saliva and urine.
    • Can f 5: A unique male-specific allergen from the prostate, found in the urine and saliva of intact (unneutered) male dogs.

These allergens can settle in dust, float in air or stick to surfaces. Even dogs that shed less can still trigger significant allergic reactions due to these proteins.

Myth: Allergen levels are lower in “hypoallergenic” dogs than other dogs.
Fact: Scientific studies have found no consistent evidence that hypoallergenic breeds produce fewer allergens. In fact, some “hypoallergenic” breeds have been shown to have equal or even higher levels of Can f 1 in their hair and dander compared to non-hypoallergenic breeds.

Myth: Homes with “hypoallergenic” dogs have fewer allergens.
Fact: Research comparing homes with hypoallergenic dogs to those with regular dogs  revealed no significant difference in the levels of airborne or surface allergens like Can f 1. Even homes with popular hypoallergenic breeds such as Labradoodles had similar environmental allergen burdens.

Myth: Grooming or bathing my dog removes allergens.
Fact: While frequent washing (at least twice per week) can temporarily reduce allergen levels, the benefit is short-lived. Studies show that Can f 1 levels return to baseline within two to three days after bathing. Without frequent grooming, allergens continue to accumulate in the environment.

Myth: A positive dog allergy test means you can never have a dog.
Fact: A dog allergy diagnosis doesn’t necessarily mean saying goodbye to pet ownership. For individuals or families considering getting a dog:
    • Speak with an allergist / immunologist to understand your specific sensitivities.
    • Allergy testing can identify whether you’re allergic to Can f 1, Can f 5 or other allergens.
    • Immunotherapy (allergy shots), medications and environmental controls like HEPA filters and keeping pets out of bedrooms may help manage symptoms.
    • Some patients allergic only to Can f 5 may tolerate female dogs or neutered males without issue.

Male vs. Female Dogs: Understanding Can f 5
One of the most important discoveries in dog allergen science is the allergen Can f 5, produced in the prostate of male dogs. Only intact males secrete this protein, found in their urine and possibly their saliva. People who are allergic only to Can f 5 may experience symptoms only around unneutered male dogs and remain symptom-free with female dogs or neutered males.

Clinical Relevance:
    • Can f 5 is structurally similar to human PSA (prostate-specific antigen) and may cross-react in rare cases.
    • About 20–30% of dog-allergic individuals are sensitive to Can f 5.
    • Testing for specific dog allergens (Can f 1 through Can f 6) helps allergists tailor recommendations for dog ownership.

Final Takeaway: Informed Choices for Dog Lovers with Allergies
Dog allergens are everywhere and found in public spaces, schools and even homes without dogs. The idea that any breed is “safe” for people with allergies is a myth. However, with appropriate medical evaluation, environmental precautions and possibly the right dog (e.g., a female or neutered male), many allergy sufferers can still enjoy life with a beloved pet.

Always consult your allergist / immunologist to make the best decision for your health and household. Understanding the science behind dog allergens especially the truth about so-called “hypoallergenic” breeds can help you make a safe and realistic choice.


The AAAAI's Find an Allergist / Immunologist service is a trusted resource to help you find a specialist close to home.



6/8/2025