Atopic disease increases risk of heart disease in the US population

Published: February 7, 2024

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death globally, with coronary heart disease (CHD) being the most common type. Recent research suggests a link between chronic inflammation, particularly in atopic diseases like asthma and allergic rhinitis, and the development of atherosclerosis, the main cause of CHD.

This study from Nagarajan et. al, recently published in The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, analyzed data from the US National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) spanning 1999 to 2018, involving 603,140 adults. It investigated associations between physician-diagnosed asthma and allergic rhinitis (both lifetime- and past-year diagnoses) with various CVD outcomes, including CHD, angina, and heart attacks. Important demographic and socioeconomic factors were controlled in the analyses.

The analysis revealed that asthma and allergic rhinitis were linked to increased odds of various heart conditions. Lifetime asthma showed a 36% higher risk of CHD, while recent asthma attacks indicated a nearly two-fold increase in angina occurrence. Allergic rhinitis was also independently associated with a 25% higher risk of CHD.

This summary encapsulates the findings of a comprehensive study on the intersection of atopic diseases and cardiovascular health, emphasizing the need for early clinical intervention and monitoring in at-risk populations. Specifically, asthma and allergic rhinitis were identified as risk factors for various types of CVD. The study suggests early screening for CVD in patients with severe or uncontrolled asthma and allergic rhinitis, especially for angina and CHD. Further research is needed to understand the immunological mechanisms and identify therapeutic targets.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice is an official journal of the AAAAI, focusing on practical information for the practicing clinician.

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