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H pylori infection and lack of association with eosinophilia

Question:

5/6/2017
I recently evaluated a 45-year-old woman who presented with severe abdominal pain after going on an elimination diet to reduce weight. She had eliminated grains, egg and dairy for 3 weeks. When she reintroduced dairy, she developed severe abdominal pain and diarrhea and went to the emergency room. She had a normal CAT scan and was referred to a gastroenterologist. She underwent endoscopy and was diagnosed with H. pylori infection and put on a course of antibiotics with noticeable improvement. Her biopsy was also notable for inflammation of the duodenum with eosinophils up to 100 per high-power field as well as gastritis with eosinophils up to 30 per high-power field. There was no eosinophilic inflammation of the esophagus. Her laboratory evaluation was notable for a normal chemistry profile, thyroid screening, ESR, CRP and celiac serology. Her CBC was abnormal with a white blood cell count of 7.9 and 40% eosinophils for an absolute eosinophil count of 3160.

I did limited prick skin testing and she did not have evidence of IgE-mediated allergy to milk, egg, soy or any of the grains. I am planning on repeating some blood work and additional testing. I would very much appreciate recommendations from our panel of experts.

Answer:

We sought the expert answer from Dr. Marc Rothenberg. His answer:

"The eosinophilia is not likely from the H.pylori. I recommend treating the H. pylori, doing stool cultures for infectious etiology, consider other infectious causes depending upon risk factors, consider iatrogenic (medicines including alternative therapies), workup for vasculitis (autoimmunity) with serology, and repeating CBC with diff and IgE and considering lymphocyte subsets.  If the blood eosinophilia persists, a deeper workup and differential for hypereosinophilia would be prudent."

We hope this helps.
Patricia McNally, MD, FAAAAI